John Quincy Adams’s (JQA) diary, which was inspired by his father John Adams (JA) and started as a travel journal, initiated a lifelong writing obsession. In 1779, twelve-year-old JQA made his second trip abroad to accompany his father’s diplomatic mission. While in Europe, he attended various schools and traveled to St. Petersburg as an interpreter during Francis Dana’s mission to Russia. He subsequently served as JA’s secretary at Paris during the final months before the Anglo-American Definitive Peace Treaty was signed in September 1783. Two years later, JQA returned to the US. After graduating from Harvard College in 1787, he moved to Newburyport to read law under Theophilus Parsons and in 1790 he established a legal practice in Boston. JQA’s skill as a writer brought him public acclaim, and in 1794 President George Washington nominated him as US minister resident to the Netherlands.
John Quincy Adams (JQA) entered diplomatic service in September 1794 as US minister resident to the Netherlands. He married Louisa Catherine Johnson (LCA) in July 1797 after a fourteen-month engagement, and their three sons were born in this period. During his father John Adams’s (JA) presidency they moved to Berlin where, as US minister plenipotentiary, JQA signed a new Prussian-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce. JQA returned to the US in 1801 and entered politics, elected first to the Massachusetts senate in 1802 and then to the US Senate in 1803. His contentious relationship with fellow Federalist members over his support of some Democratic-Republican policies led to his removal from office. In May 1808 the Federalist-controlled Massachusetts legislature voted to replace him at the end of his term, prompting JQA’s resignation in June. Between 1806 and 1809 he also served as the first Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at Harvard.
John Quincy Adams (JQA) returned to diplomatic service in August 1809 as the US’s first minister plenipotentiary to Russia. In St. Petersburg JQA was well-liked by Emperor Alexander I and closely followed the battles of the Napoleonic Wars then raging across Europe. When the US declared war on Great Britain in 1812, Adams watched from afar as the conflict dragged on for two years. In April 1814, he traveled to Ghent, Belgium, as part of the US delegation to negotiate an end to the war with England; the Treaty of Ghent was signed on Christmas Eve. Subsequently appointed US minister to the Court of St. James’s in May 1815, JQA served in London for the next two years.
John Quincy Adams (JQA) served as the US secretary of state during James Monroe’s presidency. Adams’s duties included organizing and responding to all State Department correspondence and negotiating agreements beneficial to the US. His achievements as secretary of state include the Anglo-American Convention of 1818, which established the US border with Canada along the 49th parallel, and the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 (Transcontinental Treaty), which resulted in the US acquisition of Florida. JQA also formulated the policy that became known as the Monroe Doctrine, in which the US called for European non-intervention in the western hemisphere, specifically in the affairs of newly independent Latin American nations. As Monroe’s presidency came to an end, JQA was among the top candidates in the 1824 presidential election. When no candidate earned the necessary majority, the House of Representatives decided the election in JQA’s favor in February 1825.
John Quincy Adams (JQA) was inaugurated as the sixth president of the US on 4 March 1825 and began his administration with an ambitious agenda of improvements for American society. His presidency was embattled. Supporters of Andrew Jackson, who believed their candidate had unfairly lost the 1824 election, worked ceaselessly to foil JQA’s plans. Domestically, JQA refused to replace civil servants with partisan supporters, and his administration became involved in disputes between the Creek Nation and the state of Georgia. JQA’s foreign policy also suffered, as partisan bickering in Congress failed to provide timely funding for US delegates to attend the 1826 Congress of Panama. Political mudslinging in advance of the 1828 presidential election was particularly fierce, and by mid-1827 JQA knew he would not be reelected.
In 1831 John Quincy Adams (JQA) became the only former president to subsequently serve in the US House of Representatives. As the chairman of the House Committee on Manufactures, he helped compose the compromise tariff bill of 1832. He traveled to Philadelphia as part of a committee that investigated the Bank of the United States, drafting a minority report in support of rechartering the bank after disagreeing with the committee’s majority report. JQA regularly presented the antislavery petitions he received from across the country, and he vehemently opposed the passage of the Gag Rule in 1836 that prevented House discussion of petitions related to slavery. He opposed the annexation of Texas, and in 1838 he delivered a marathon speech condemning the evils of slavery. JQA also chaired the committee that oversaw the bequest of James Smithson, which was used to establish the Smithsonian Institution.
During his final years of service in the US House of Representatives, John Quincy Adams (JQA) continued to oppose the Gag Rule that prevented House discussion of petitions related to slavery. In 1839 he joined the defense team for the Africans who revolted aboard the Spanish slave ship Amistad. The Supreme Court declared the Amistad Africans free on 9 March 1841 after JQA delivered oral arguments in their favor. In 1842 JQA faced a censure hearing and ably defended himself against charges from southern congressmen. He introduced a successful resolution that finally led to the repeal of the Gag Rule in 1844. JQA voted against both the annexation of Texas in 1845 and the US declaration of war with Mexico in 1846. He collapsed on the floor of the House on 21 February 1848 and died two days later.
- Beale George W.
- His 3 daughters.
- Emmons
- M
rs.Emmons - Greenleaf E. Price
Charles’s daughter Louisa Catherine was this day three
years old— I sent this morning to Mr Price Greenleaf requesting
him to come and bud some trees for me— He came and budded five seedling
Apple socks in my Nursery with buds of the Norton Quincy Apple from Solomon Thayer. Two of them are of the row next to the
Nectarine tree at the north-end of the Nursery. Charles went to Boston
and Medford, and I went to Boston with Wilson— Called at Alexander H. Everett’s house, and he gave me the report
and Resolutions which he had prepared for the Committee of the Board of
Overseers, as a substitute for mine— The report is a mere caption to the
Resolutions with an excuse for not presenting an Address to the Public,
on the ground of wanting time to prepare it with due deliberation; and
asking leave to sit again for that purpose— After some short discussion
I agreed to take Mr Everett’s Report and
Resolutions and examine them, and report them to the Committee for
consideration to-morrow morning— I expressed very strongly my opinion
against the presentation in the Circular of the Senior Class to be 375exempted from prosecution at Law, for property
destroyed, belonging to the University— Mr
Everett thought the prosecution in this instance was unpopular— I said I
believed the pretension of the Students would ultimately prove much more
unpopular; but that I looked not to popularity, but to Justice— He said
there were three members of the Committee against the Prosecution— I
thought, only two— He claimed Dr Codman, whom I considered as
only doubting— Everett then asked me to consider the claim of the
Students to exemption from prosecution—upon the ground of youth and
inexperience—which I promised to do. At 11. O’Clock I attended a Meeting
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences— There were less than ten
members present, and the only communications received were acceptances
of election of members— I had at the Statute Meeting of last August
proposed the Revd N. L. Frothingham as a
Member— I found on the Book of nominations that this one had been acted
on the 27th. of May last, and on enquiry,
was informed by Mr Treadwell, the corresponding Secretary that he
had wanted one vote of three fourths of the ballots and was therefore
not admitted— Treadwell said Mr Frothingham
had been proposed once before. Dr Bigelow asked me if I was
acquainted with the merits of Dr Jones, heretofore of the
Patent Office— I was not. He said he was Editor of the Journal of the
Franklin Institute. The meeting was not more than a quarter of an hour
long, and on the whole did the most nothing of any meeting of a
Scientific body that I ever attended. After it was over, I spoke to
Mr
Bowditch who is a member of the Corporation of the
University, about the prosecution of the three Sophomores by Indictment
before the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Middlesex— He said
the measure had been unanimously approved by the Corporation, and also
by Judge Jackson, who had been
a member of the Board, but had lately resigned— He said too that the
prosecution was not a novelty, but that there had been repeated
instances of it for the last fifty years, though never carried through
to judgment— He said that thirteen of the Students had testified at
Concord without hesitation, and two after making some objection, and
having the Law explained to them— I went to Charles’s Office and
remained there till near three. Purchased for Mary Louisa, the Dairy and Cowslip, and Pierpont’s introduction to the
National Reader— At three I went to the Marlborough Hotel, and dined
with Alexander Townsend.
This House belongs to him and is kept, by a Mr and
Mrs Wyatt who kept the
house at Dover New-Hampshire where we lodged last September— I saw Mrs Wyatt in her parlour— The company at
dinner were chiefly classmates of Mr
Townsend, with the addition of Lieutent Governor
Armstrong, Franklin
Dexter, and Mr Blake a lawyer from Bangor, and Dr J. M.
Wainwright, now rector of Trinity Church—Boston— I had
ordered Wilson to call for me in the Chaise at 6. and at the dusk of
Evening I got home— We had Evening visits from Mr Beale
and his three
daughters, and from Mr and Mrs
Emmons their relatives. There is great excitement and
agitation in Boston and the neighbourhood on account of the destruction,
on Monday night by a mob, of a Convent of Ursulines—Nuns at Charlestown—
The immediate and ostensible cause of the outrage, was a rumour
circulated among the people, that a young woman who had taken the veil,
and then ran away, had been carried back and was detained there, by
force— There is a singular inertness in the public authorities
